Keywords: microstructure
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Journal Articles
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 1–16.
Published: 02 April 2026
... as a promising low-carbon alternative, utilising industrial waste materials such as fly ash as binders. While previous studies have explored the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete, limited attention has been given to its microstructural behaviour using ultrafine siliceous fly ash and the optimisation...
Journal Articles
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 1–13.
Published: 17 December 2025
... ), scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ), and fractal theory to characterise the microstructure of FSC incorporating 0, 0.06, and 0.10 wt.% CNTs, while evaluating its mechanical and fracture properties at 3, 7, and 28 days. Results indicated that the optimal 0.06 wt.% CNTs dosage enhanced the 7-day...
Journal Articles
Journal Articles
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability (2024) 177 (5): 284–298.
Published: 16 October 2024
.... This experimental study aims to investigate the effect of adding crushed ceramic waste (CCW) and crushed brick waste (CBW) on the bulk density, workability, compressive and flexural strengths, water absorption and microstructural properties of dune sand mortar. To determine changes in porosity, the study uses...
Journal Articles
Journal Articles
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability (2024) 177 (3): 111–124.
Published: 09 February 2023
... cations on the mechanical properties and microstructure of volcanic-ash-based geopolymers. The flexural and compressive strengths were evaluated. X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and silicon-29...

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