... Global cities International investment Auto-regressive distributed lag approach (ARDL) Cointegration In a rapidly changing global political and economic landscape, the commercial real estate (CRE) sector is not immune to the impact of the increasing uncertainty in relation to investment...

..., price-to-rent ratio and user cost, supplemented by a qualitative discussion of other factors affecting house prices. Second, the authors use cointegration techniques to compute the fundamental (or long-run) price, which is then compared with the actual price to test the degree of Sweden’s housing price...

... on the city (real) data by estimating the common components of cointegrated time series and extracting the unobservable signals to build real house price index for sub-regions in Italy. Three different econometric methodologies are used: Johansen cointegration test and VAR models to identify the long-term...