...: to better understand the process of decline of one particular urban area, industrial estates; based on that, to identify a possible indicator for decline; and to take a first step in the empirical testing of the suitability of this indicator. Design/methodology/approach Building on a review...

.... That classical scheme will be applied to depict the possibilities of involvement of local communities in the revitalization process of degraded urban areas (Figure 3): Stage 0 (no participation). Manipulation and social therapy (education) remain the only tools of public sphere. The earlier...