... strategy Placebo test Labor economics R12 J21 E32 C23 Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Do Federal Reserve district manufacturing surveys contain geographically relevant...

... data Chile J16 R11 I25 J21 O54 C23 In recent decades, economic research has increasingly recognized the importance of social, institutional, and cultural factors in shaping development outcomes. Among these, gender inequality has emerged as a critical dimension influencing economic...

... balance Z20 L83 C23 The global football calendar has become increasingly congested, with elite players now participating in a growing number of domestic, continental, and international competitions with minimal recovery time. While the commercial and institutional motivation...

... is a contentious issue, as corruption encompasses both positive and negative outcomes. Foreign direct investment (FDI) Corruption Macroeconomic environment Arab countries Panel data analysis C23 D73 E01 F23 Funding: The authors declare that no funding, financial support or specific...

... bonds require strong fiscal credibility and transparent governance, both of which are reflected in sovereign ratings. Renewable energy Sovereign credit ratings Nonlinear panel data techniques Africa C23 F3 G24 H63 The academic literature on renewable energy development...

... 12 2025 24 12 2025 01 01 2026 © Emerald Publishing Limited 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Life expectancy Food inflation COVID-19 Political instability Threshold panel estimation O15 P22 D74 C23 Qatar National Research Fund...

... Climate risk Fiscal reaction function Primary balance Debt sustainability C23 H61 H63 Q54 Empirical research on public debt sustainability remains relatively limited compared to other areas of macroeconomics, such as monetary economics (Rahaman and Mahadeo, 2024). Still, interest...

... Limited Licensed re-use rights only Artificial intelligence Financial inclusion Developing countries Panel data model C23 G23 G50 In recent times, artificial intelligence (AI) has been rapidly advancing across the world. According to a recent report published by the World Bank's...

... valuable insights for policymakers, highlighting the importance of a balanced approach. This research adds to the ongoing discussion on financial development, providing empirical evidence that can guide strategies to enhance savings and financial stability in the region. C23 G21 O43 Figure 1...

... himself), is importantly driven by both year and quantile parameter heterogeneity. Exchange rates Wages Difference-in-differences Falsification Heterogeneity C23 F41 J31 J50 O43 This section heavily borrows from Andini’s article to briefly present the dataset, the empirical...

... and developing nations in the fight against income inequality. Van Bon Nguyen can be contacted at: bonnv@hub.edu.vn , boninguyen@gmail.com 09 08 2024 04 01 2025 17 01 2025 © Emerald Publishing Limited 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only C23 D31...

... enriching the relevant literature, which supports that credit cycle influences positively NPLs due to loan credit expanding, implying that NPLs can be reduced by large lending through the improvement of banks’ cost efficiency. C23 C51 G21 G2 E32 The business of banking relates...

... Limited 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Dynamic threshold panel International policy Labor participation Sanctions F51 F41 J22 C23 Economic sanctions are deployed as a tool of foreign policy and international relations around the world (Ozdamar...

... 27 03 2024 04 05 2024 04 05 2024 © Emerald Publishing Limited 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Financialisation Income inequality European Union Panel autoregressive distributed lag Dynamic fixed-effects estimator C23 D31 D63 E44...

.../licences/by/4.0/legalcode Family firms Inter-firm networks Productivity Age Generational stage Manufacturing firms D24 G32 L14 C23 The effect of family involvement on firm performance is a widely debated issue, given the importance of family businesses in many economies...

... Wages Dynamic models C23 I21 J31 The return to schooling in mean-regression models is an index of between-groups wage inequality. A positive return means that individuals with more schooling have, on average, higher earnings. Thus, the magnitude of the schooling return is crucial...

... growth Agricultural sector Panel VAR C23 O13 Q14 The agricultural sector and its economic development are tightly linked to innovations, investments and the use of capital-intensive inputs (Farrokhi and Pellegrina, 2023). More than other sectors, the agricultural sector is vulnerable...

... to reduce NPLs. C23 D53 G21 H63 N25 A bank loan can be classified as non-performing when payments of principal and interests are 90 days or more overdue, or when future payments are not expected to be received in full. Non-performing loans (NPLs) are also called “bad debts” or “bad loans...

... 08 2022 Regional Kuznets curve Regional disparity Economic growth Panel data Semi-parametric analysis Non-parametric analysis R11 C21 C23 O18 Recent empirical studies agree as well as disagree with the theoretical argument of inverted-U shape, a bell-shaped curve of spatial...

... Limited 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only FinTech Nonlinear Mobile cellular Fixed broadband Internet Extreme poverty SSA C23 G21 O43 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is one of the poorest regions in the world. It consists of 48 countries, of which 27...