... Publishing Limited 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Bilateral trade Comparative advantage Economic integration Gravity model F13 F14 F15 F18 North (1991) defined institutions as the humanly developed barriers or constraints to design political...

... of infrastructures, colonization and institutional quality in the investigation of the factors that can influence intra-Africa trade. Africa Economic integration Bilateral trade Colonization Internal conflict In this section, we will try to describe the situation of intra-African trade at various...

...Alessandro Antimiani; Valeria Costantini Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of the enlargement process of the European Union as a factor fostering international competitiveness of EU Member States. The paper argues that the economic integration process has reduced...

... Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Thailand South East Asia Macroeconomics Economic convergence ASEAN Compatibility Ongoing cointegration Economic integration Economic cooperation is seen as an opportunity for greater international trade and investment. It is an economic strategy...

... be required to identify potential factor adjustment problems. Don P. Clark can be contacted at: dclark3@utk.edu © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2011 Intra‐industry specialization Economic integration Free trade agreements Colombia United States of America The United States...

... (period one and two) and monetary base (full period) led to a choice of 2 lags, i.e. k = 2. Table III shows the cointegration test results for interest rates and monetary base. © MCB UP Limited 1998 Convergence Economic conditions Economic integration ERM Policy...