... 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Bilateral trade Comparative advantage Economic integration Gravity model F13 F14 F15 F18 While good institutional quality or less institutional distances lead to higher exports, a reverse causality from trade flows...

... of infrastructures, colonization and institutional quality in the investigation of the factors that can influence intra-Africa trade. Africa Economic integration Bilateral trade Colonization Internal conflict Atif Awad can be contacted at: aawoad@sharjah.ac.ae 18 02 2016 22 05 2016...

...Alessandro Antimiani; Valeria Costantini Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of the enlargement process of the European Union as a factor fostering international competitiveness of EU Member States. The paper argues that the economic integration process has reduced...

... Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Thailand South East Asia Macroeconomics Economic convergence ASEAN Compatibility Ongoing cointegration Economic integration Economic cooperation is seen as an opportunity for greater international trade and investment. It is an economic strategy...

.... Opponents of free trade agreements argue that adjustment costs are high because specialization takes place across rather than within industries. Factors displaced from contracting industries are not well suited for employment in the expanding ones. Economic integration has a less disruptive effect...

.... The definition of Granger‐causality is that if X causes Y, then using past values of X will give improved predictions for Y (Harvey, 1981). © MCB UP Limited 1998 Convergence Economic conditions Economic integration ERM Policy The European Monetary System (EMS) was established to allow...