...Eleni Dalla; Stephanos Papadamou; Erotokritos Varelas; Athanasios Argyropoulos Purpose Our purpose is the examination of the effects of fiscal policy on private lending for the Eurozone countries. The emphasis is on the identification of the time path of government spending and bank lending...

... in the Middle East. Second, it investigates the effectiveness of government spending on environmental protection. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses the ecological footprint data and an ARDL model to gauge the income and government spending effects on environmental improvement. This method avoids...

... analysis. Findings The findings show that high terms of trade volatility are positively related to government spending in the all sample countries. The effect is stronger in the case of positive movements than negative ones. Practical implications The policy implication is that the size...