... E61 H68 M21 There are two main perspectives to analyze business confidence: one based on “animal spirits” and another grounded in fundamental economic information. The former attributes confidence to beliefs disconnected from economic fundamentals, while the latter acknowledges...

... − k 12 ) E ( F i s c a l P R T + 1 | t ) , where k is an index that varies from 1 to twelve and represents the months of the year (1 = January, 2 = February, …, 12 = December). E61 H68 M21 Business confidence is an indicator of the economy’s...

... © Emerald Publishing Limited 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Public debt Forecasting Random forest Machine learning Italy H63 H68 E17 The accuracy of public debt forecasts has historically represented a key policy issue (Barro, 1980 ; Bernheim...

... to recurrent expenditure for the economy to be guided on growth. C53 H53 H68 The relationship between government expenditures and output has been widely researched using alternative approaches. The efficient allocation of public resources largely drives the analysis of this relationship (see...