... methodology, only considers a single output or an index composed of multiple outputs (Sutherland et al., 2009). I21 I22 I28 H52 D24 Technical efficiency Public expenditure Elementary education outcomes Generalized stochastic frontier approach In pursuit of universal...

... I22 I23 I24 The average cost of college tuition in the US has been rising much faster than the nation's general inflation (Cai and Heathcote, 2022), and paying for college has become a major concern, particularly for low-income households. Despite increasing the returns to education...