..., inequality, and internal conflict interact over time. Erdem Ateş can be contacted at: erdemates@munzur.edu.tr 06 08 2025 14 09 2025 02 11 2025 05 11 2025 © Emerald Publishing Limited 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only International...

... conflicts and food aid reflects the difficulty of supply food aid to countries currently engaged in combat, while rule of law dummy captures the importance of governance in aid distribution. International aid International economics The food available to feed a nation originates from domestic...

..., the elements of which are var(ε_t^{i), var(ε}_t^{s), cov(ε}_tⁱ,ε_t^{s). Capital Savings Investments International economics Mobility}...

... International economics The setting of an appropriate discount rate for application in social project appraisal should be an important consideration for a country's government. For current and prospective member countries of the European Union, social discount rates should, ideally, be measured...

... instability arising from self‐fulfilling speculative bubbles or exchange rate expectations influenced by extrinsic factors. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2004 Exchange rates Monetary policy Economic reform International economics Misconceptions about the welfare benefits of free...

... by regions. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2004 Economic equilibrium International economics Exchange rates In 1964, Balassa (1964) identified productivity differentials between countries as a main cause of deviation of the purchasing power parity (PPP) based exchange rate from...

.... The pound, in turn, had depreciated 2.6 percent in terms of the dollar. In order to appreciate the significance of these developments it is necessary to examine the interests of the various countries and the possible alternatives. © Company 2004 International economics History October...