... of monetary policy in shaping economic cycles, we investigate how money supply affects CO₂ procyclicality within the framework of the financial Kuznets curve (FKC). Design/methodology/approach Utilizing annual data from China spanning 1977 to 2022, we employ a comprehensive methodological...

... (ECM) to study the inflationary effects of monetary and fiscal policies as well as exchange rate swings and sanctions intensification. Findings The authors find that increase in money supply, depreciation of nominal exchange rate, increase in fiscal deficit and intensification of sanctions...

... Limited 2015 Money supply Inflation Cointegration Dollarization Money demand Dollarization is a common economic feature across many developing and emerging economies. A remarkable characteristic of this phenomenon is not only its growth over time, but also its irreversibility...

... the contribution to national income that observed remittances flows have generated. Developing countries Economic development Money supply Macroeconomics Remittances Dynamics Multipliers Available estimates often exclude unofficial money transfers, while official transfers are subject...

... Currency options Money supply Supply and demand Africa Currency substitution, in which foreign monies substitute for domestic money in its three traditional roles such as medium of exchange, unit of account and a store of value, makes execution of monetary and fiscal policy extremely difficult...

... consumption expenditures (private and government sectors), expenditures on investment goods, and exports as scale variables. Tuck Cheong Tang can be contacted at: tang.tuck.cheong@buseco.monash.edu.my © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2007 South East Asia Money supply National economy...

..., the amounts banks exchanged for euro without charge to their customers, the practical organisation, etc. Euro Currency Money supply High‐denomination banknotes and the exchange of national currencies for euro coins and banknotes. If currency was only used for transaction purposes...

... of the competitive money supply model (section 1), which is consistent with various optimality criteria and has far‐reaching implications for the future development of the monetary system (section 2). Beside the macroeconomic notion of optimality underlying optimum currency areas, there is the microeconomic one...

..., the consistency of the criticism notwithstanding, the optimal solution can still be implemented. © MCB UP Limited 1998 Economics Monetarism Money supply 2. An early critique of satiation in money balances is owing to Mélitz (1972) who approaches the issue from the production side and questions...

... the theory underlying these approaches is asymptotic. © MCB UP Limited 1998 Cointegration Models Money supply Systems analysis Turkey The objective of this paper is to use a multivariate cointegration approach to the determination of long‐run nominal money balances in the Turkish...

... preference on the basis of Keynes′ theory of money. Banks Keynesian school Money supply Payments These criticisms of the NME address substantial and not merely interpretative issues. In fact, once a monetary aggregate is introduced to solve the Wicksellian indeterminacy problem, it is hard...

... interest-rate targeting and towards targets for growth of narrow money (M1). Such a shift might lead towards instability of the estimated function (Goodhart, 1989; Gordon, 1984). Of course, as with many developing countries, the economies considered here may have their money supplies largely determined...

... a negative short‐run impact on the rate of inflation over this latter period. © MCB UP Limited 1990 Inflation Macroeconomics Money supply USA Journal of Economic Studies 17,6 50 Deficit Monetisation, Output and Inflation in the United States, 1923-1982 Richard C.K. Burdekin and Mark E. Wohar...