... undesirable outputs in order to maximize their profits. In DEA, detecting an optimal scale size (OSS) is also vital and could be more applicable in economic activities when there are integer and undesirable measures. The purpose of this research is to measure average-profit efficiency (APE) and OSSs...

...Umed Temurshoev Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of overestimation of industry profits due to the presence of cross‐shareholding (CS) links among firms that is inherent to the profit formulations in existing literature. Design/methodology/approach In proposing a new...

... system Profit Competitive strategy Caribbean Sub Saharan Africa The 1990s saw the escalation in the number of countries establishing competition policies. In particular Sub‐Saharan African economies embraced the opportunity to implement policies that reflected their changed economic structure...

... Roscher′s ideas with those of his contemporaries, and analysing the reasons why plausible economic forecasts failed to anticipate the experience of the twentieth century. © MCB UP Limited 1995 Capital Credit Debt Finance Loans Profit Are there economic laws of history? How much of our...