... undesirable outputs in order to maximize their profits. In DEA, detecting an optimal scale size (OSS) is also vital and could be more applicable in economic activities when there are integer and undesirable measures. The purpose of this research is to measure average-profit efficiency (APE) and OSSs...

...Umed Temurshoev Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of overestimation of industry profits due to the presence of cross‐shareholding (CS) links among firms that is inherent to the profit formulations in existing literature. Design/methodology/approach In proposing a new...

... of J$60.60 to US$1.00 (International Monetary Fund, 2004). Exchange rate movements enable “paper” profits/losses dependent on which image the organisation wishes to portray. From an economists' perspective market power is the ability to price at levels that secure abnormal profit. Abnormal...

... up with selected precedents from classical antiquity. Interest rates were expected to continue their long secular decline as a result of falling productivity and profit rates. Credit would benefit by becoming more secure as business learned to conduct itself in accordance with sound economic...