...Andrew Maredza; Peter Wanke; Jorge Antunes; Roberto Pimenta; Yong Tan Purpose This paper investigates the endogenous relationships between banking performance and social welfare in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive three-stage...

.... Findings It is shown that when firms behave non-cooperatively in both the R&D and production stages, the degree of spillover has a negative relationship with the effective and respective R&D expenditures of each firm as well as the level of social welfare. An inverted-U relationship between...

... to the robust test, they display similar results. Originality/value The paper shows that in every moment, economic growth must be based in the social welfare policy contiguously, and the economic growth process can allow the social welfare policy to proceed contiguously Hence, theorist should eschew easy...

... institutional economics and fiscal sociology from an aspect of possibility of applying to the field of public finance and social welfare. Using economic words, a welfare state should have a fiscal system which is suitable to a distributional policy. Today many welfare programs can be seen as some...