... of nontimber environmental services than mixed-species planted forests, especially when the timber species in them are exotic [1] , i.e. originated in other parts of the world (Paquette and Messier, 2010 ; Hua et al., 2022). Most countries are including plantations in their action plans...

... of knowledge of this relationship, stressing in particular the links between trade and the forest. Initial interest in the connections between trade and environment was prompted by the fear that environmental regulations enacted in the 1970s would harm firms’ competitive position. A number of economic...