... fraud has increased, as losses jumped from N2.96bn in 2019 to N17.67bn in 2023 (NIBSS, 2025). In addition, as of 2023, 47.6% of users had secure internet, and only 44.4% owned a Smartphone (Premise, 2022 ; World Bank, 2025). C21 D14 G21 O33 O55 Financial inclusion (FI) is widely...

... supporting sustainable resource use. Digitalization Financial inclusion Renewable energy Economic development Institutional quality G21 O11 O33 O43 Q42 Australia has consistently maintained a robust economic growth trajectory, outperforming many advanced economies over the past...

... Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Overdrafts Competition Deposit fees Risk-taking Hidden fees D14 G21 L11 Competition is generally expected to lower prices and benefit consumers. Within the banking industry, a large body of literature has studied how competition...

... Limited 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Credit risk Bank liquidity hoarding Institutional quality Global uncertainty Africa G21 G28 N27 O16 Banks play a crucial role in financial intermediation by converting liquid liabilities into illiquid loans...

... B22 C26 C33 E44 G21 JEL Code B22 C26 C33 E44 G21 B22 C26 C33 E44 G21 The financial landscape of most global economies, defined by an array of financial institutions with varied operational dynamics in a financial system, is often dominated by commercial banks offering...

... Licensed re-use rights only Financial inclusion Economic integration BRICS POLS Sys-GMM F36 G21 O16 O19 Financial inclusion is defined as the distribution of financial products and services to every household at a reasonable cost. Alternatively, it serves as a mechanism...

... E44 G15 G21 G29 O55 In recent decades, most Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) nations have adopted the twin policies of financialization and private sector development to transform their economy. Despite this, the sub-continent still has one of the most limited formal employment opportunities...

... Publishing Limited 2024 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only SMEs Entrepreneurship Business practices Nonfinancial services Access to finance G21 L26 M5 As digital finance evolves, a growing number of financial services are accessed and delivered exclusively...

... Bank credit Macroeconomic factors Financial factors Debt financing Africa Bank credit G21 P26 P48 O43 O55 Financial deepening, the central topic in this paper, refers to expanding the range of financial services and products available to all segments of society, enabling them...

... Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Liquidity creation Banking MENA Productivity Arab Spring D74 G21 Characterized by protests against the ruling dispensation, the Arab Spring, which began in late 2010 to achieve social justice, equality and dignity, is considered one...

... Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Bank Panel data Vector autoregression Fundamental dynamics C33 C54 G21 G32 Since its independence, the regulatory and supervisory functions of Indonesia’s banks have been managed by the Central Bank (Bank Indonesia – BI...

... rights only Financial inclusion index Two-stage principal component analysis Robustness test Developing countries C43 G21 In developing countries, access to financial services has become a crucial issue. Many people and businesses still encounter difficulties in accessing basic...

... E51 G21 R10 Banking institutions in the USA have been merging rapidly, a trend with potentially profound implications for the broader economy. This wave of consolidation, driven by market competition, technological advancements and regulatory shifts, has reshaped the landscape of capital...

... Publishing Limited 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Bank failure Dodd frank act Random effects parametric survival model Bank failure prevention G03 G21 C63 Financial intermediaries play an important role in the financial system by providing crucial...

... and their policies Financial economics Financial institutions and services Financial risk and risk management Computational techniques CECL Spline Hazard rate model FASB Financial institutions G21 G28 M41 M48 In this study, we present a comprehensive framework for assisting lending banks...

... 2021 03 02 2021 19 02 2021 © Emerald Publishing Limited 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Banks Money and interest rates Simulation modeling Money supply Lending rates Deposit rates Agent-based model E43 E51 G21 C63...

... activities in developing countries where sources of finance are scarce. However, there are mixed views on the ties of financial sources and innovation. G21 O31 We control for the main business city of the firm (CITY), the age of the firm (AGE), the size of the firm (SIZE), dummy variable PART...

...), P_i,t is clean mid-price of bond (i), at date (t) Bank stress tests Disclosure Event study Market discipline Financial markets Banks Financial institutions and services Event studies G01 G02 G14 G21 Because of their importance in the economy...

... Mergers Bank mergers Systemic risk Consolidation strategic choices Focus and diversification Financial crisis Capital shortfalls G18 G21 G24 G28 G32 G34 The propagation of bank losses which turned a burst in the sub-prime mortgage market in the USA into a global crisis in 2007...

... Banks Financial meltdown Financing policy Capital and ownership structure Event studies People’s bank of China Baoshang bank Ownership structure Nonperforming loan Interest rate pass-through Event study Implicit guarantee E52 E58 G14 G21 G32 On May 24, 2019, the People’s...