... on corporate governance and earnings management in emerging economies. H1. Family-owned companies in Jordan are more likely to use real earnings manipulations compared to non-family ones. Agency problem Entrenchment theory Family ownership Jordan Performance Real earnings...

...Aulia Fuad Rahman; Norman Mohd‐Saleh Prior research identifies free cash flow (FCF) as one source of agency problems between managers and shareholders. Managers of firms with high FCF and of low growth opportunity tend to invest in marginal or even negative NPV project and use income increasing...