... decrease the probability of tax fraud controversies. However, a strong regulatory environment, large audit fees, Big4 auditors and firm size were positively associated with the probability of tax fraud controversies. Moreover, higher executive compensation tends to curb the incidence of tax fraud...

... and executive compensation based on the achievement of sustainable development goals) are used to reflect the corporate ethical approach and the implied cost of equity capital is used for estimating the cost of equity. In this regard, equity cost estimation is the most appropriate approach to test the effect...

... of governance derives from an alignment of managers and shareholders’ interests. Under the optimal contracting approach advanced by Holmstrom (1979) and Bebchuk and Fried (2003) , it was argued that the CEO compensation package is a function of firm performance, namely, that executive compensation...