By using hydraulically or electrically controlled actuators, a structure can modify its behaviour during dynamic loading. Such structures with self-modification capability are claimed to be lighter and more resistant to dynamic loading than conventionally designed structures and are termed ‘smart structures’. In this book, computational models and algorithms are presented for active control of bridges and large-framed structures to accommodate blast, earthquake, impact and wind loading using actuators to produce resisting forces or strains within the structure. The actuators are controlled by sensors to monitor displacement and velocity of structural elements during dynamic loading. The control and location of the actuators is discussed for structures under various dynamic loading situations.
This is a highly specialized text and is targeted at the researcher rather than the practising engineer. Implementation of the algorithms requires the use of high-performance supercomputers with parallel or multitasking processing capability that are not readily available in the design office.
This report describes research undertaken on the leachability of contaminated soils stabilized with cementitious materials. The research investigated the mobility and leachability of heavy metals in the stabilized material. The work has shown that the common assumptions regarding heavy metals being immobilized in a high pH environment are not always true. Research indicates that the mobility of some metals was greater in the stabilized material than in the unstabilized material, particularly at the early stages of leaching. This is a useful and informative document regarding the chemical behaviour of stabilized contaminated soils and waste materials.
The specification, together with notes for guidance, have been devised for use where slurry trench cut-off walls are required to act as barriers to pollution migration from ground-water, leachate, chemical contaminants and soil gases and vapours. Only self-hardening cementitious slurries are considered in the document, with or without a geomembrane liner. Cut-off walls constructed by driven methods, multiple-phase construction or soil/recycled waste–bentonite mixes are not covered. This is a useful informative document that describes issues to be covered in any contract specification. Unfortunately, guidance on methods for long-term validation testing is not given.
This volume is a collection of papers taken from a symposium held to celebrate the 15th birthday of the finite difference code FLAC. The proceedings contain 65 papers describing the use of FLAC and FLAC3D. The contributions cover a wide range of topics from engineering applications to theoretical developments in the areas of embankment and slope stability, underground cavity design and mining, dynamic analysis, soil–structure interaction, coupled processes and fluid flow, failure and collapse analysis, nuclear waste isolation, and constitutive modelling.
The volume provides a useful source of information for those using or planning to use this versatile and increasingly popular geotechnical analysis software.
This is volume 1 (of two) of the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Engineering for Calcareous Sediments held in Bahrain in February 1999. Volume 1 contains 30 general papers on projects from around the world, covering a range of topics related to both onshore and off shore deposits of carbonate soils. The range of papers included is quite wide, and includes not only more data on pile behaviour and cone penetration testing but also less well covered areas such as chemical stabilization and cyclic behaviour. Volume 1 would be worth borrowing from a library for those working with calcareous deposits.
The second volume, to be published separately, will contain eight state-of-the-art papers on testing, classification and the design of shallow and deep foundations in carbonate sediments.
These proceedings contain 70 papers covering the subject areas of planning, regulations, site investigations and risk assessment, waste containment, contaminant transport, geotechnics of mining waste and tailings dams and land remediation and construction on derelict land. These papers incude many case histories and describe current (mainly Australian) research and development in these areas.
This book is a collection of papers authored and co-authored by Professor Delwyn G. Fredlund of the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Canada. The papers are presented in six major subject areas and are preceded by an appreciation by the editors of Professor Fred-lund's work.
The main chapters cover the subjects of stress state variables, the measurement of soil suction, theoretical aspects of the behaviour of unsaturated soils, experimental measurements of shear strength and volume, flow in unsaturated soils and moisture exchange at the surface boundary. The book also includes a full bibliography of Professor Fredlund's work and a list of graduate theses that he has supervised up to April 1999.
Not all of the papers can usually be found in the same library and for this reason the book will probably be a popular and useful addition to the shelves of academics who are interested in the behaviour of unsaturated soils.
This is a series of reports published by the Tranport Research Laboratory covering research into earthworks, retaining wall support, and soil reinforcement.
Report 308 considers the potential use of four materials likely to crush during compaction: unburnt colliery spoil, burnt colliery spoil, spent oil shale, and weak sandstone.
Report 380 indicates that the use of soil berms and/or raked temporary props is a practical alternative to employing horizontal steel props and could result in considerable reductions in the cost of embedded retaining wall construction.
Report 387 compares the results of centrifuge and finite element studies of base-stabilized retaining walls, with the aim of providing guidance for updating the Highways Agency's design note BD42.
Report 404 reports on the results of twelve surveys for level and ten for line on a reinforced earth bridge abutment. Overall, the trend of movement for both is decreasing with time and indicates movement has largely ceased after four years.
Finally, report 406 finds there are no grounds for changing present requirements covering the durability of buried metallic components and, for non-metallic reinforcements, current practice provides an adequate margin of safety against rupture during their design life.
