SOME NINETEENTH CENTURY EXPERIENCES OF EARTH-RETAINING STRUCTURES AND TUNNELLING FOR UNDERGROUND RAILWAYS IN LONDON. (A FEW EXTRACTS FROM ""THE ACTUAL LATERAL PRESSURE OF EARTHWORK"" BY SIR BENJAMIN BAKER, MINUTES OF ICE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 65, SESSION 188-1881, PP140-186)

Keywords: METROPOLITAN RAILWAY, RAILWAYS, UNDERGROUND, EARTH, RETAINING, STRUCTURES, TUNNELLING, TUNNELS, HISTORY, NINETEENTH CENTURY, BEHAVIOUR, CONSTRUCTION, OPEN CUT, CUT AND COVER, METHODS, CALCULATING, PRESSURE, CALCULATIONS, EXPERIMENTS, WALLS, RESEARCH, TRENCHES, TIMBER, POLING, BOARDS, COHESION, LONDON, ENGLAND, METROPOLITAN, UK