Design charts for seismic analysis of single piles in clay

The pile designer in a seismically active region will generally need to estimate the maximum seismically induced internal moment and shear of the pile in order to provide adequate strength to maintain the structural integrity of the pile. In this paper an effort has been made to provide a simple means of carrying out such an estimation for a single pile embedded in a homogeneous clay layer. The results have been presented in the form of design charts that can be used directly by designers with no or little computational effort. The variables in the design charts include the length and diameter of the pile, the Young's modulus of the pile material, the strength and stiffness of the soil, and the factor of safety against axial failure of the pile. The charts have been obtained from a time domain analysis of pile–soil interaction, and are based on the response of the piles to a range of earthquakes recorded in North America and Australia.