... STRAIN LOADS LOADING TWO STAGE INTERACTION FINITE ELEMENTS DECOUPLED FOUNDATIONS FORCES CLAYS GRAVEL STEEL PIERS CONCRETE SAND STIFF ALLUVIAL FAILING SLOPES POWER STATIONS MARINE DEPOSITS LIMESTONE SILTSTONE MUDSTONE STATIC SLIP SURFACES DISPLACEMENT CALCULATIONS TAGUS...

...M MAHMOUD © Thomas Telford and ICE 1997 TERRA ENGINEERING DID CONSULTANTS WS ATKINS BOREHOLES INSTRUMENTATION VERTICALITY INSTRUMENTS DEVIATION MEASUREMENT VERTICAL MEASURED UNDERGROUND TUBES TUNNELS RAILWAYS CLAYS LONDON CLAY STIFF DRILLING TECHNIQUES METHODS...

... of high magnitude in a stratum of laminated sand situated beneath a trench excavation in stiff clay caused the bottom of the trench to lift. The sewer, which was constructed subsequently in the trench, settled andcracked. Thewater pressure was relieved, and the difficulties overcome with little additional...