Deformations of model reinforced-soil retaining walls due to creep and reinforcement pullout

The paper describes experimental investigations of vertical reinforced soil walls. The structures were built at small scale, under laboratory conditions. Horizontal displacements on the surface of the walls were measured. The theoretical analysis of the experimental results is elaborated. The influence of two elements (reinforcement creep and reinforcement pullout) determining the magnitude and pattern of deformation are selected and described. Good agreement between the theory and experiments is obtained.