DEM–FDM analysis in stereoscopic geogrid-reinforced interface under cyclic loading Available to Purchase

Stereoscopic geogrids with thickened transverse ribs present a promising approach to improving interface strength in reinforced soil systems. To investigate particle mobilization and energy dissipation under dynamic loading, cyclic shear tests and 3D discrete–continuous coupled numerical simulations were conducted on coarse particle interfaces reinforced with 3D-printed stereoscopic geogrids. This study examines the influence of thickened transverse ribs on the hysteretic response and interface strength from both macroscopic and mesoscopic perspectives. Results indicate that during cyclic loading, the shear strength and energy dissipation ratio of the geogrid-reinforced interface remained stable, with no notable fluctuation. The nonlinear hysteretic behavior observed in cyclic shear tests is closely linked to energy dissipation mechanisms at the particle scale. Compared to planar geogrids, stereoscopic geogrids increase particle interlocking, reduced frictional slip, and facilitated greater storage of periodic strain energy, leading to lower energy dissipation ratios. The average force chain strength was higher in stereoscopic geogrid-reinforced interfaces, with more vertically aligned force chains that enhanced load transfer across a broader shear band. Stereoscopic geogrids also mobilize bearing resistance more effectively, particularly in low-contribution areas, thereby enhancing overall interface performance. Overall, stereoscopic geogrids demonstrated superior strength mobilization and dynamic performance compared to their planar counterparts.