Rate of Liquid Migration Through Defects in a Geomembrane Placed on a Semi-Permeable Medium

This paper provides an equation for calculating the rate of liquid migration through a defect in a geomembrane underlain by a semi-permeable medium. In the context of this paper, a semi-permeable medium is a medium that has a hydraulic conductivity greater than k_G and smaller than k_B, where k_G is the hydraulic conductivity above which Giroud's equation is not valid and k_B the hydraulic conductivity below which Bernoulli's equation is not valid. Giroud's equation is an equation that gives the rate of liquid migration through a defect in a geomembrane underlain by a low-permeability medium, and Bernoulli's equation is the equation that gives the rate of free flow through an orifice and which is used to calculate the rate of liquid migration through a defect in a geomembrane underlain by a very permeable medium. The equation for semi-permeable media presented in this paper was obtained by interpolation between Giroud's equation and Bernoulli's equation.