...) conditions corresponding to the upper and lower bounds of the NCL. The upper and lower envelopes of the shear stress–displacement curve increase with increasing initial stress and amplitude. The enhancement coefficient ( α ) is used to describe the degree of influence of the additional cyclic load...

... at the start of the cyclic stage, cyclic load frequency and amplitude, number of cycles and soil density on the load-strain-displacement response of the reinforcement are evaluated and discussed. Test results show that the cumulative displacements measured along the length of the geogrid during cyclic loading...