... used in this study was Chamkhaleh sand, a uniform grey-colored silica-based sand collected from the south coast of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos of typical particles of this sand are presented in Figure 2a . As can be observed in this figure, the sand contains...

... element and strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests. EPS geofoam with density of 10 and 12 kg/m³ and Chamkhaleh sand with relative density of 55% were tested under confining pressures of 10 and 20 kPa. Normalized shear modulus and damping ratio curves were obtained and compared with the values...

...-homogeneous, and there are differences in their behavior under cyclic loading, compared to that of uniform sands or clays. © 2019 Thomas Telford Ltd 2019 Geosynthetics EPS beads Chamkhaleh sand Cyclic triaxial Bender element Shear modulus Damping ratio Preventing earthquake damage...