... Geosynthetics Reinforcement Interfaces Three-dimensional geogrid Discrete element method Sand stability The three-dimensional geogrids were fabricated using an ELEGOO Neptune 4 Max FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printer. The equipment and its working principle are shown in Figure 3...

... the Discrete Element Method (DEM), which can simulate the mechanical behavior of sand-rubber mixtures. For instance, Lopera Perez et al. (2017) used spherical particles to model the key characteristics of rubber materials. While these studies help to advance the understanding of the mechanisms...

...A. Gholaminejad; A. Mahboubi; A. Noorzad The present research focuses on the simulation of encased stone columns in a 2D state by utilising the coupled finite difference method (FDM) and discrete element method (DEM). The stone column material was modelled by DEM using irregularly shaped particles...