... Displacement Lateral load Pile Wall Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls are a common type of retaining wall that maintains stability through soil reinforcement. Unlike gravity retaining walls, an MSE wall is an earth retaining system that consists of reinforced fill and retained soil...

... Geosynthetics Model test Railway track Displacement Stress Subgrade Genetic Programming Railway tracks can be divided into two components, track equipment and formation substructure. The track equipment refers to the size and material of the rail, and the tie and tie spacing, whereas the formation...

...M. Mojallal; A. Ghanbari; F. Askari ABSTRACT: Calculating the seismic displacement of reinforced retaining walls is important for optimal design of these structures. Using the limit analysis theorem, in this study an innovative approach has been proposed for calculating the coefficient of yield...

...Yiping Zhang; Tao Li; Yang Wang ABSTRACT: Based on an axisymmetric elastic model, a theoretical solution is obtained for a foundation improved by geosynthetic-encased columns (GEC). The expressions for stress, displacement, and hoop force of the geosynthetic, as well as stress ratio and improvement...

... ) is converted from the critical tilting angle (θ_{f) at which the maximum lateral displacement of the wall reaches 5% of the wall height: (2) k h c = tan  θ f Figure 2. Stress–strain relationships for two reinforcing materials obtained in wide-width tensile tests}...

... slope. In doing so, it illustrates the practical use of a model for prediction of the permanent displacement of reinforced slopes that is described in a companion paper. Reinforced slopes offer an efficient and economical means for constructing slopes with steeper faces than can be achieved using soil...

... indicator of post-earthquake serviceability, this paper describes the development and validation of a practical model for estimation of the permanent displacement of reinforced slopes subjected to earthquake loading. The ability of the model to reasonably predict yield acceleration and time histories...