..., unreinforced and geocell-reinforced beds subjected to a vertical mode dynamic excitation have been analyzed using the finite-difference package FLAC^3D. Initially, the developed numerical model was validated with the results of field vibration test. Results revealed that the inclusion of the geocell...

... the program FLAC^3D. The soil is modelled as an elasto-plastic Mohr–Coulomb material, coded with stress-dependent hyperbolic soil modulus parameters. The shear behaviour of granular soils under cyclic loading is modelled using a non-linear and hysteretic constitutive relation that follows...

...-dimensional numerical modeling requires substantial time to set up the problem and perform the calculations. In addition, modeling the out-of-plane behavior of geosynthetic reinforcement in three-dimensional models can be challenging. Russell and Pierpoint (1997) used a system of cable elements in FLAC3D...