... Emerald Publishing Limited 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Geosynthetics Earth slope Stone column Geotextile-encasement Bearing capacity Factor of safety Basic SI units are shown in parentheses. D stone column diameter (m) E...

... stiffness of the reinforcement and the associated uncertainty in the magnitude of that value. The paper demonstrates how the factor of safety from deterministic past practice can be linked quantitatively to the reliability index used in contemporary probabilistic design. Finally, the paper demonstrates...

... strength of soft clay, friction angle of fill materials and aggregate in granular columns, area replacement ratio and the secant modulus of geosynthetic encasement on the factor of safety (FS) is analysed. A higher FS value is observed for EGC-supported embankments compared to embankments supported on OGC...

..., which considers the characteristics of the founding strata, geocell in-fill soil, geometry of the geocell mattress, the slope angle and load from the embankment. The proposed method considers the factor of safety of the unreinforced system calculated by two methods, to which a term that is dependent...