... incorporated into the soil at four different contents (by weight), and statically compacted at their respective Proctor optimum condition for direct shear testing. The rubber inclusions amended the soil through improvements achieved in two aspects: (i) frictional resistance generated as a result of soil–rubber...

...M. Li; S. Imaizumi Multi-layered geosynthetic liners are used widely in waste landfills. The shear stress mobilized at the top interface will be transmitted from the top to the bottom layer through frictional resistance on the interfaces between materials. It is important to understand fully...