...J.P. Giroud; A. Zhao; R. Bonaparte Design engineers often assume that a geosynthetic liquid collection layer and a granular liquid collection layer having the same hydraulic transmissivity are equivalent. In the United States, such equivalency is often mandated by regulations for leachate...

... reduction factors to quantify the decrease in flow capacity of liquid collection layers due to thickness reduction (caused by the applied stresses) and hydraulic conductivity reduction (caused by clogging). Practical recommendations and design examples are presented for both geosynthetic and granular liquid...