... different soils were used for confinement. The reduction of the discharge capacity of PVDs varied with the type of PVD and percentage settlement, and reached up to 99% at a maximum percentage settlement of 41%. Hydraulic gradient also appreciably affects discharge capacity, owing to the non-steady-state...

... increased the critical hydraulic gradient and caused a significant delay in piping phenomena. The observed piping behavior of soil with and without geofibers was verified by conducting constant-load tests in the laboratory. Based on the analysis and interpretation of these experiments, the mechanism...

... evaluated in the test program. Measurements of flow rate per unit width through the geonet taken at five hydraulic gradients between the values of 0.02 and 0.10 indicate that the flow regime is semi-turbulent. Interpretation of the data addresses a comparison of flow behaviour in the geonet...

... method, the variation in clamping configurations and hydraulic gradient are not considered and can result in large differences in the discharge rate for the same PVD. After consideration of the relevant properties of a PVD, a suggested model specification is given. 3 10 1996 14 2 1997 18 2...