... to the membrane action based on strict equilibrium conditions is also shown. The geosynthetic deformation is described assuming both circular and parabolic deformation shapes. These two deformation shapes do not result in a significantly different membrane effect. Therefore, the choice of deformation parameter...

... for the case of the geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment (GRPSE) due to the membrane effect. The membrane effect is higher when the GR is stiff and its vertical distance from the pile is reduced. Numerical modelling reveals that, when another GR layer is added, the second GR has an effect only...

... for out-of-plane behavior by Smith and Filz (2007) . A summary of the constitutive model parameters of the materials is given in Table 1 . 14 10 2008 10 01 2009 11 01 2009 © 2009 Thomas Telford Ltd 2009 Geosynthetics Stone column Finite element method Membrane effect...

... performed by others. The potential usefulness of the proposed procedure is illustrated by using the resulting equations to evaluate the performance of an embankment supported on a soft foundation overlain by a reinforcing layer. KEYWORDS: Membrane effect, Soil reinforcement, Bearing capacity, Soil structure...