... of short-term cyclic loading. Accumulation of permanent strain, which occurs cycle by cycle under application of non-zero mean tensile stress (ratcheting), is observed when cyclic tensile tests are performed. Generally, experimental results show a hysteresis effect. Kinematic hardening concepts...

... results corroborated the emergence of thermally-driven displacement accumulation, or ratcheting, which was inversely proportional to the static factor of safety. The complementary numerical study considered the thermo-elastic membrane properties, constant temperature change amplitude, and an elastic...