... as follows based on the friction equation presented in Figure 5 . 1 σ h = E s A l Geosynthetics Tensile load Reinforcement strain Serviceability Interaction The tensile load–strain characterisation of geosynthetic reinforcement materials used...

.... The application of surcharge loads was observed to affect only the deformation response of the upper portion of the wall, and the maximum lateral face displacement occurred at the mid-height of the wall. Internal reinforcement strain distributions measured using tell-tales and digital image analyses indicate...