... relationship can be divided into three stages: linear elastic stage, elasto-plastic stage and strain softening (R_C ≤ 15%) or hardening (R_C = 20%) stage. (3) The rubber content has a greater influence on the stress-strain relationship. When the rubber content reaches 20...

... (RRES) in permafrost regions. Temperature-controlled dynamic triaxial tests were conducted on RRES samples, varying rubber content, freezing temperatures, and confining pressures. The key findings are as follows: (1) A modified Hardin model with freezing temperature and rubber content as correction...