.... The strains generated along the pipe crown and spring-lines were measured using strain gauges. One strain gauge was mounted at a location, exactly in the middle section of the pipe, where its measurement direction was perpendicular to the longitudinal pipe direction. The reinforcing layer strain was measured...

... the geosynthetic clay liner to provide reinforcement above the cavity. An overburden pressure varying from 10 to 100 kPa was applied to the top of the GLS. Strain gauges were used to measure the strain within the geogrid and the geomembrane. The results proved that the 50 kN/m geogrid reinforcement beneath...

... subgrade Deflection Resilient modulus Strain gauge Subgrade soils have a significant impact on the design, construction, structural response and performance of pavements. Problems arise during construction over poor subgrade with placement and compaction of subbase and base materials...