... in surcharge load width, magnitude, direction, and location, applied before a strip footing load, affect wall deflection and reinforcement tensile forces. Numerical analyses were performed on MSE wall models with flexible and rigid facings and compared with full-scale experimental results. A two-step loading...

... tests on MSE walls under a strip footing load with a single unloading-reloading cycle. Scaled models were constructed as part of this investigation to expand the evaluation of previously constructed full-scale tests. The strip footing load and wall deflections were measured and compared with analytical...