... geogrid-sand system at macroscopic and mesoscopic scales, three-dimensional geogrids with four different transverse rib thicknesses were fabricated using 3D printing technology. Experimental pullout tests under three normal stresses, combined with DEM simulation of the tests, were conducted...

... Geosynthetics Shear strength Three-dimensional geogrid Transverse-rib thickness Mesh pattern Discrete-element modelling Geosynthetic materials have the characteristics of low weight, flexibility and durability. Reinforced soil structures have the advantages of stability, sustainability and seismic...