.... The latter is a geonet made of three sets of overlaid strands, whose intersection generates a three-dimensional structure composed of quadrangular-shaped ‘cells’, arranged to form preferential water flow ‘channels’ (Figure 1a). The specimens of GCD were collected from different areas of the same sample...

... strength. The analysis shows that the influence of water flowon the stability of a geosynthetic-soil layered system can be very significant if the slip surface is above the geomembrane. In this case, the factor of safety of a layered system with water flow can be as low as one half of the factor of safety...