...R.K. Rowe; J. D.D. Garcia; R.W.I. Brachman; M.S. Hosney The effect on GCL hydration and dehydration, when subject to thermal cycles, of (1) GCL bentonite granularity (powdered vs. granular), (2) GCL geotextile type (scrim-reinforced nonwoven vs. woven), (3) subgrade macrostructure due to fines...

...T.-K. Li; R. K. Rowe The self-healing of fully penetrating artificial defects (circular holes and rectangular slits) in geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) on full hydration in deionized water and 10 mM calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solution under 2 kPa overburden stress are compared. Circular...

...T. Özdamar Kul; A. H. Ören The hydration performance of two geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) over compacted zeolite is investigated in this paper. Zeolite was chosen as the subsoil because of its greater optimum water content with respect to other natural soils (41%). The water content changes...

...A. Bouazza; M. A. Rouf; R. M. Singh; R. K. Rowe; W. P. Gates Gas diffusion and gas permeability tests were performed sequentially on powder and granular partially hydrated needle-punched geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) over a range of gravimetric water content using a gas flow unified measurement...

...A. Bouazza; M. A. Ali; W. P. Gates; R. K. Rowe The hydration of a needle-punched, thermally treated and powdered bentonite-based geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) from four different subsoils was studied at optimum moisture content +2% under isothermal conditions. Contrary to the belief that GCL...

...R. Kerry Rowe; M.T. Rayhani; W.A. Take; G. Siemens; R.W.I. Brachman ABSTRACT: The hydration of three different geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) subjected to daily thermal cycles was examined for a range of subsoil conditions. It was shown that daily thermal cycles can significantly decrease...

...J. P. Giroud; D. E. Daniel In some applications of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), the bentonite layer component of the GCL is encapsulated between two geomembranes. One of the benefits of this configuration is to decrease the risk of shear strength decrease due to bentonite hydration. The liner...

...J. P. Giroud; R. S. Thiel; E. Kavazanjian Hydrated bentonite has a low shear strength, which may adversely impact the stability of structures incorporating geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). Accordingly, in a growing number of GCL applications, the configuration is such that the bentonite layer...

...J.P. Giroud; N.S. Rad; J.A. McKelvey When a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) is used in a composite liner, the bentonite of the GCL may be hydrated by moisture from the underlying medium and by leachate migrating through defects in the overlying geomembrane. When hydration caused by the underlying...