In this study, a newly developed rate-dependent thermo-plastic constitutive model was enhanced to incorporate thermally accelerated creep and implemented into the Plaxis finite-element code, enabling the simulation of the behaviour of a well-instrumented energy pile in multilayered soft soils under thermomechanical loads. First, the model was validated against non-isothermal laboratory tests on soils surrounding the pile, and then against simulations of field tests. The results revealed that the inclusion of thermally accelerated creep improves the prediction of irreversible pile settlement, which is primarily attributed to the accumulation of volumetric contraction in the surrounding soil after each thermal cycle. The analysis also distinguishes between drag down effects resulting from thermo-elastic and thermo-plastic behaviour, as well as those induced by long-term creep.
Article navigation
9 July 2026
Research Article|
February 27 2026
Thermo-elasto-plasticity and thermo-mechanical creep for energy pile systems
M. Rafai;
*Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering,
Technical University of Denmark
, Copenhagen, Denmark
Corresponding author M. Rafai (mouaadrafai@gmail.com)
Search for other works by this author on:
M. Tafili;
M. Tafili
†Foundation Engineering and Environmental Geotechnics,
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
, Bochum, Germany
Search for other works by this author on:
Y. Dong;
Y. Dong
‡Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering,
Technical University of Denmark
, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for other works by this author on:
P. J. Vardon
P. J. Vardon
§Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences,
Delft University of Technology
, Delft, The Netherlands
Search for other works by this author on:
Corresponding author M. Rafai (mouaadrafai@gmail.com)
Publisher: Emerald Publishing
Received:
September 30 2025
Accepted:
January 16 2026
Online ISSN: 2045-2543
Funding
Funding Group:
- Award Group:
- Funder(s): Danmark and Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
- Award Id(s): 58734
- Funder(s):
- Funding Statement(s): This research was financially supported by the Villum Experiment program (Grant No. 58734) in Danmark and Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Project No. 14698 ‘Energy Piles in the Netherlands’. The second author gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) under Project No. 451999292.
© 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited
2026
Emerald Publishing Limited
Licensed re-use rights only
Geotechnique Letters 1–6.
Article history
Received:
September 30 2025
Accepted:
January 16 2026
Citation
Rafai M, Tafili M, Dong Y, Vardon PJ (2026), "Thermo-elasto-plasticity and thermo-mechanical creep for energy pile systems". Geotechnique Letters, Vol. 16 No. 2 pp. 166–171, doi: https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.25.00111
Download citation file:
83
Views
Suggested Reading
Fast Fourier transform-based homogenisation of gas hydrate bearing sediments
Geotechnique Letters (June,2020)
Finite elastoplastic deformation of membrane shells
Engineering Computations (March,1996)
Influence of the Poisson effect on the stress dependence of the elastic moduli of soil
Geotechnique Letters (February,2022)
The use of adaptive finite-element limit analysis to reveal slip-line fields
Geotechnique Letters (June,2011)
Prediction of oedometer terminal densities through a memory-enhanced cyclic model for sand
Geotechnique Letters (April,2019)
Related Chapters
Soil behaviour
The Essence of Geotechnical Engineering: 60 years of Géotechnique
A new assessment model for shear in reinforced concrete bridges with short anchorage lengths
Bridge Management 5: Inspection, maintenance, assessment and repair: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Bridge Management, organized by the University of Surrey, 11–13 April 2005
Elasticities of Stock Prices in Emerging Markets
The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Emerging Financial Markets
Recommended for you
These recommendations are informed by your reading behaviors and indicated interests.
