...T. Santana; A. Antão; N. Guerra; M. Vicente da Silva A numerical implementation of the upper-bound theorem of limit analysis is applied to determine two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) active horizontal earth pressure coefficients considering seismic actions through a horizontal seismic...

...A. N. Antão; M. Vicente da Silva The paper describes the three-dimensional numerical implementation of the Lade–Duncan criterion in a finite-element limit analysis code. Validation is done using examples with a known solution. To conclude the proposed numerical tool is applied to the calculation...