... 01 2025 19 05 2026 © 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited 2026 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only granular bentonite hydro-mechanical paths microstructure porosimetry testing apparatus and methods This project received initial funding from the European...

... coarse particles and form an elongated void referred to as a ‘pipe’. Although many analytical assessment methods have been proposed, laboratory testing using representative soil samples remains the most reliable approach. Experimental studies on the stability of piping and erosion rate commonly use pre...