... in relation to thermal cycling. This study addresses this knowledge gap using discrete-element modelling. Specifically, it examines the influence of temperature amplitude and initial relative density on the structural evolution and bulk deformation of granular materials subjected to thermal cycles...

... and then subjected to ten thermal cycles in the temperature range of 12°C–45°C. The results indicated that imposing heating–cooling cycles to dense sand resulted in irreversible compressive strain below the yield surface, accumulating at a reducing rate as the number of thermal cycles increased. The greater...