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Studies on the application of electro-osmosis in ground improvement include Casagrande 1948, 1983, Bjerrum et al. (1967), Esrig & Gemeinhardt (1967), Fetzer (1967) and Lo et al. (1991). Esrig (1968) presented a one-dimensional consolidation theory of electro-osmosis, which assumes that fluid flows due to an electric field and due to hydraulic gradient may be superimposed to find the total flow. Based on Esrig's one-dimensional consolidation theory, Wan & Mitchell (1976) also presented a one-dimensional consolidation theory of electro-osmosis, which included the combined effects of electro-osmotic and direct loading consolidation, and proved the effectiveness of the...
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