...) or hexagonal (angular) particles were sheared under three confining pressures. The displacement, rotation and evolution of coordination number of all the particles during the shearing process were identified through image analysis. The macroscopic results show that the angular assemblies exhibit higher...

... be kept in mind when making further interpretations of the results. 29 05 2021 14 09 2021 © 2021 Thomas Telford Ltd 2021 cavity expansion deformation failure image analysis laboratory tests micro-CT tomography strain strain localisation tunnelling and pipes X-ray...

.... angularity image analysis microscopy particle geometry sands shape Fig. 4. Reference shapes: (a) circle, SF = AF = 0; (b) flat particle, SF = 100% (c) cross, AF = 100% (d) four-pointed star, AF = 100% The angularity of a particle can be defined in terms of the number and sharpness...

... ratio changes were measured during each shear test in order to represent the macroscopic behaviour of the material in the Cam Clay diagram. The macroscopic-to-microscopic relation was treated through microscopical analysis of thin sections under polarised light coupled with image analysis and grey-level...