..., showing progressive reduction of impact forces, landing distance and retention volume while moving downstream. Existing design criteria for estimating impact forces and barrier spacing in a multiple barrier system are validated. This research underscores the flume’s capability to provide valuable...

...Charles Wang Wai Ng; Zhenyang Jia; Sunil Poudyal; Aastha Bhatta; Haiming Liu Multiple barriers are usually installed to effectively mitigate large-volume debris flows. Existing multiple-barrier design recommendations ignore the effects of solid–fluid interaction and may cause uncertainties...