... was a strong function of swelling potential where Ca-montmorillonite showed a lower variation of permittivity than Na-montmorillonite. A linear relationship between the slope of real permittivity plotted against porosity and ionic concentration was found, which implies the need to incorporate ionic...

... and hydraulic engineering. In this paper, two types of mathematical models are proposed that consider different packing methods for porosity and permeability – namely, the filling model (FM) and the replacement model (RM). On this basis, incomplete coverage (overlap between large and small grains during...