...Pongsapak Kanjanatanalert; Usman Ali; Ying Cui; Mamoru Kikumoto Granular materials exhibit path-dependent stiffness following preshearing; however, the micromechanical origins of this behaviour remain insufficiently understood. While numerical simulations have provided valuable insights...

...Silvia G. F. P. Lemos; Maria C. F. Almeida; Jose R. M. S. Oliveira; Marcio S. S. Almeida This paper presents a series of physical modelling tests designed to investigate the horizontal displacement, secant stiffness, hysteresis and natural frequency behaviour of a wind turbine with a monopile...

...-dilation shear stiffness, and two additional fabric-related factors address volumetric and shear stiffness and bedding plane orientation effects. These advancements enable consistent control over stiffness evolution, allowing simulation of progressive softening in saturated sand under constant-volume...

... boundaries. This paper illustrates how data from sensors embedded within simple shear specimens has been used to measure small strains in the determination of stiffness degradation over the entire range of relevant shear strains. Local, in-soil measurement of shear stress has allowed for the measurement...

...Teing Teing Tan; Ali Akbar Karimzadeh; Anthony Kwan Leung The behaviours of soil subjected to internal erosion have been widely investigated, yet the evolution of soil fabric anisotropy during erosion and the corresponding changes in post-erosion stiffness degradation curves have never been...

...Masahide Otsubo; Yang Li; Reiko Kuwano; Sadegh Nadimi; Vasileios Angelidakis Small-strain shear stiffness (G₀) is an essential parameter to predict deformation characteristics and dynamic properties of granular materials. It is empirically known that G₀...

... elastic stiffness relations that depend on pressure, density and other state variables. Evidently, this approach introduces a mathematical and physical disconnect between the derivation of the analytical wave speed (and thus stiffness) and the empirically generated stiffness constants. In this study, wave...

... surface plasticity, initially developed for saturated soils, which is further extended to the unsaturated range through the inclusion of a loading collapse curve. The model permits the retention of information on recent stress history, allows prediction of irrecoverable stiffness and strength loss...

... there were no rate effects for sliding shearing, contact ageing displacements could be observed at pre-failure loads, although these stabilised after a few days. Pre-failure cyclic loading resulted in stiffnesses that increased in lateral loading but decreased in normal loading; in both cases, however...

...Jinquan Shi; Yang Xiao; J. Antonio H. Carraro; Haoyu Li; Hanlong Liu; Jian Chu Small-strain stiffness and stiffness anisotropy of a sand are sensitive to the sand fabric, which can be significantly affected by particle shape and cementation. In this study, multidirectional bender element...

...Fatin N. Altuhafi; Matthew R. Coop The large particle sizes of railway ballast and rock fill have meant that conventional techniques used to measure the small-strain stiffness of finer geomaterials have not been adopted, with the consequence that their stiffnesses are poorly defined. In a series...

... stiffness vegetation Plant roots reinforce soil and increase its shear strength by mobilising the tensile and/or flexural properties of the roots and the soil–root interfacial shear properties (Stokes et al., 2014 ; Leung et al., 2019 ; Wu et al., 2021 ; Karimzadeh...

... to compliance of the drive system. In this study the linear elastic model of the resonant column apparatus is adapted to include a new drive stiffness parameter, supported by finite-element analysis of the drive system. A novel calibration method is presented based on this drive compliance model. Thirteen...

... d₅₀ exceeding 1·5 mm. The experimental data were fitted using existing empirical relationships with corresponding fitting parameters. The fitting parameters describing the void ratio and pressure dependence to estimate maximum stiffness were found to depend on grain size to a certain extent...

..., and strains in common-sized soil specimens to the order of 10⁻³%, while correcting for ray refraction effects caused by the pressure cell wall and water. The system, requiring only sets of compact-type digital cameras as hardware, allows a stiffness–strain curve to be determined over wide strain...

...Ngoc Quy Hoang; Sang Yeob Kim; Jong-Sub Lee The engineering characteristics of ocean sediments are significantly affected by fine particles such as diatoms. The objective of this study is to investigate experimentally the compressibility, small-strain stiffness and electrical resistivity of sand...

... and shear stiffness degradation behaviour of an alluvium in its reconstituted, undisturbed and artificially cemented states. The binder used to stabilise the soil was a low-carbon alkali-activated blast-furnace slag. Oedometer and triaxial data indicated that the nature of the soil structure evolved from...

...Yu Tian; Kostas Senetakis A series of bender element tests was carried out to investigate the variation of small-strain stiffness (G_max) of sand–granulated rubber mixtures under long-term loading. Comparisons were made using two different host sands: a non-crushable material...

... laboratory tests particle-scale behaviour stiffness Cohesionless gap-graded materials are mixtures of coarse and cohesionless (non-plastic) finer grains having a gap or measurable difference between their sizes. It is generally accepted that the finer grains may exist in the void space between...

... dynamic conditions, the separation gap forms on each side of a pile alternately, leading to the peaks in stiffness diminishing, and leading to larger (than the elastic) group efficiencies. Superposition using proper non-linear interaction factors offers reasonable approximation, but only for moderate...